Corona Virus( COVID-19) Top Vaccine Candidates

Corona Virus( COVID-19) Top Vaccine Candidates

Ever since COVID-19 outbreak, laboratories around the world have been busy creating vaccines and undergoing trials.

Several companies and governments doubled their efforts to find a permanent cure.

Apart from individual progression, world leaders and organizations, excluding the United States pledged $ 8 billion to research, manufacture and distribute a vaccine and treatment for the virus. 

 Here are some of the top vaccine candidates

Ad5nCoV Vaccine 

• Adenovirus Type 5 Vector, an advanced DNA vaccine is named as the top contender for COVID-19 by the WHO.

• It's developed by using both Chinese and Canadian technology and is Co-developed by the Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Biologics Inc. (BIB) and CanSino Genetically engineered defective adenovirus type 5 vector was replication used to express the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein which  is grown using living cells.

 Remdesivir Vaccine 

• Dr. Anthony Fauci of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) said that the trial for Remdesivir produced a 'clear cut positive effect in diminishing time to recover.

• Vaccinated people had recovered from COVID-19 in just 11 days compared to the control group that took 15 days.

• Remdesivir has shown promising results in the treatment of other coronavirus diseases such as SARS and MERS.

AZD1222 VACCINE 

• This vaccine is being developed by Oxford University and supported by the British Pharma company, Astrazeneca.

• The company stated that it would roll out up to 2 billion doses in September.

• The vaccine uses a replication-deficient chimpanzee viral vector based on a weakened version of a common cold (adenovirus) virus that causes infections in chimpanzees.  It has been modified to work on humans and contains the genetic material of SARS-COV-2 spike protein.

 • The vaccine has already progressed into phase II / III trials involving 10,000 people from the UK.  

MRNA-1273 Vaccine 

• This experimental vaccine is created by one of the leading US companies, Moderna Inc.

• The vaccine has received approval from the FDA to proceed with the phase II clinical trial.

• The phase II trial will evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of two MRNA-1273 vaccinations.

 Inovio's Vaccine 

• Before the outbreak, the company was in the process of creating a DNA vaccine for MERS.  Resultantly, developed a potential vaccine for SARS- the company swiftly CoV-2.

• The vaccine (INO-4800) targets the Spike protein, a surface antigen that causes COVID-19.

• Phase II / II clinical trials will take place this summer.

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SANOFI'S VACCINE 

• Sanofi is developing COVID-19 vaccine with GlaxoSmithKline and Translate Bio.

• GSK's proprietary adjuvants are being used, which is a compound that boosts immune response, allowing less vaccine to be used for each person.

• Sanofi predicts to get approved by the FDA soon and states that Phase III trial for the vaccine could begin in December or January, 2021.

• Sanofi and Translate Bio have multiple MRNA vaccine candidates against COVID-19 in preclinical testing and will start a first human trial in the fourth quarter of this year.